Introduce species that are expected to be adapted to future conditions

Urban sites can act as locations for incorporation of regionally native species and could potentially help facilitate the movement of species within or outside of their current ranges. Southern or drought-adapted genotypes and populations can also be incorporated into urban areas to help facilitate the adaptation of species and communities in the region to future climates. This idea is not new to urban forestry: Urban foresters have moved species across states, continents, and even oceans for centuries. However, the emphasis of this approach is to focus on those species that are most likely to align with future climate conditions. This approach can include relatively low-risk actions, such as moving a species to slightly north of its current range, but could also include riskier actions such as introducing a nonnative species from another continent. Careful consideration of these high-risk actions is warranted, especially before widespread implementation. Smaller trials may be helpful in assessing invasiveness and other issues.